tchavei
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Charging in Portugal
I'm posting this in hope it will help some fellow portuguese EV newbie to save some time investigating and obviously also for any foreigners that wish to come over to Portugal for some holidays or even just a roadtrip in their Taycans so hopefully they don't end up stranded)
Glossary:
CEME = Comercializadores de Eletricidade para a Mobilidade Elétrica (ruffly translated into comercial entity that sells electricity for electric mobility)
IEC = Imposto Especial sobre Consumo (Special Tax over Consumption, whatever that is)
IVA = Same as VAT (Value Added Tax)
OPC = Operador Posto de Carregamento (in simple words, the company that installed and maintains a specific charging station)
PCN = Posto Carregamento Normal (Slow charging station <= 22kW (AC))
PCR = Posto carregamento Rápido (Fast charging stations > 22kW (DC))
TAR = Taxa de Acesso à Rede (The Mobi.e fee to access the network)
UVE = Utilizador de Veículo Elétrico (Eletric Vehicle User... basically us)
Chapter 1: The Portuguese Charging Network
Contrary to most (all?) european countries, Portugal has unified its charging network under a single entity called "Mobi.E", created in 2015 and which started operation in 2020. What does this mean? I'll spare you all the legal details and clauses but basically, in simple words: Any PCN/R that is publicly acessible (this includes PCN/Rs on private grounds. More on this later), must be connected to this network. Being connected to the network, means that any PCN/R must accept any CEME card.
The idea behind this, which, until today, is still rather polemic and under debate, was to avoid that any OPC could force its users to use its own charging card with its own prices, creating a monopoly. This way, OPC are forced to compete among themselves as they don't control the energy price. On the other hand, the CEMEs compete between themselves too as they don't control the OPC prices. Of course, to add even more confusion, a company can register itself as both CEME and OPC but still, as both OPCs and CEMEs are forbidden to discriminate prices based on each other, in theory, the system should provide a fair playground (Many argue it doesn't and that the Mobi.e overhead is just a way of charging extra. I'll refrain of taking sides here).
Chapter 2: How much does it cost to charge in Portugal
Don't laugh. Nobody really knows (at the time of charge, at least). You can get an idea but you'll only know for certain at the end of the month. Wait... at the end of month?!?
Yes. With the exception of 2 or 3 CEME that allow you to pay directly through a credit card (or prepay/top up your account before actually charging), the rest works with monthly contracts. This means that you can charge the whole month and only get billed by end of month from each CEME you used (more on this later). Usually it works with direct debit so they just get the money from your bank. To avoid surprises, the CEME usually gives you a plafond of €300/month before they compulsively bill you. This means that if you intend to rip off a CEME, you won't be able to rip them off over that amount and you probably still end in debts and court if you don't pay.
So why is it so complicated to know how much you're paying at a charging station? Well. First of, remember CEMEs compete between each other so the price per kW will vary not only among CEME but also throughout the day/night. At any given time, one CEME will be cheaper then the next. Some have a flat rate, others don't. Since each person (UVE) can have as many contracts as they wish, and since the contract doesn't cost them anything, many UVE (me included) have contracts with 6,7,8 or even 10 CEME at once. The UVE just chooses the cheapest CEME at the moment (or one that works. Sometimes cards/apps fail). On the other hand, OPC don't treat their charging stations as equal. They usually charge per minute but a PCR in a high profile area might be more expensive than one in a more hidden place. To add to the mess, the final price is composed of several parcels like:
CEME: Activation fee + €/kWh + €/min (if applicable)
OPC: Activation fee + €/kWh + €/min (if applicable)
TAR: Connection fee to the Mobi.e network (currently, this fee is negative i.e. Mobi.e pays for you to access the network. Will certainly change in the future)
IEC: Special Tax over Consumption
Then you have to add VAT to the whole thing and you get the final price.
As an example (27th February 2023, 12:23, random 50kW PCR in Southern Portugal):
Your Taycan is at 20% and you intend to charge it up to 85% there:
Estimated time: 1h
Amount to charge: 51.5kWh
Price using CEME "Miio": €16.70
Price using CEME "ViaVerde": €11.57
Price using CEME "EVIO": €14.00
If we analyse, for example, the "ViaVerde" option, we get:
CEME: activation fee = €0.706 + €0.1616/kWh
OPC: €0.08/minute
TAR: -€3.97
IEC: €0.05
IVA: €2.16
Messy huh? Yes, it is. It's humanly impossible to do all that math while you're trying to decide which app or card you should swipe at any given time. This is the user's major gripe with this system.
There's however, a trick. Miio is a portuguese startup company that made a terrific app that does all the math for you. Not only for their own prices but of all competitors too! So with a couple of taps, you can know, at any given time, which CEME in combination with the present OPC is the cheapest. It also gives you transparently prices for all CEME plans you select. I STRONGLY recommend you to download and install the Miio app the moment you step foot in this country. You don't have to use their services (albeit they support credit card charging so a godsend to foreigners) but they allow you to know what CEME to use to charge up at any given moment in time.
Chapter 3: I'm a foreigner. I don't care about your mess. I just want to charge in Portugal when I'm on a road trip.
Fair enough. All you need is a CEME that accepts credit cards instead of contracts. At this moment, only Miio or EVIO support "pay as you go" without making a contract. They're might not be the cheapest choice but they work and when you're on holidays, that's what matters: To be able to charge and move on. The portuguese system is at advantage here because once you have either app installed, you can charge at ANY Mobi.e connected charging station regardless of brand/OPC. They all should work.
Chapter 4: IONITY Network and Porsche card in Portugal
Now this is also funny. Porsche isn't registered as CEME here. This means they can't sell electricity nor the service. This also means they can't charge you if you go to a dealership and use one of their 350kW charging stations. Cool eh?
However, one wonders why they don't register as a CEME and/or OPC... after all, they're losing money right? Well, remember chapter 1? "Any PCN/R that is publicly acessible (this includes PCN/Rs on private grounds)"? You got it... The moment Porsche registers as a CEME and/or OPC, they have to comply with Mobi.e rules which include a) open to anyone who wishes to charge (imagine a queue of Honda-E, Nissan Leaf and Renault Zoe inside Porsche's Dealership premises), b) their chargers must allow any CEME (so who get's the biggest cut is the selected CEME, not them) and c) they have to be open for 24/7. All in all, I suspect Porsche has been evaluating the pros and cons of registering and for now, the cons are bigger than the pros.
So what about those 3 years of reduced prices on IONITY stations in Portugal? Porsche solved it by making a deal with a CEME/OPC. "Iberdrola" is a spanish multinational OPC/CEME and they provide a Porsche/Iberdrola card for Taycan owners. Their tariffs are rather expensive so I wouldn't recommend using the card on any charging station except IONITY where you'll be only charged by kWh and not per minute while using the card.
Chapter 5: Curiosities
This chapter is rather about the odd curiosities you can only find here in Portugal. There are two currently:
- Tesla Charging Network: They appeared way before Mobi.e was a thing. The moment Mobi.e became active in 2020, the Tesla Charging Network became "illegal" because it doesn't follow Mobi.e rules. That's also the reason that Tesla, contrary to what happens in other european countries, can't or won't open its network to other car manufacturers here. They would need to also open hand on the CEME meaning that any card would have to work on Tesla's superchargers and as an OPC, they can't discriminate between someone using a Tesla card and another using a "Bluecharge" Card, for example. Apparently the portuguese government is in negotiations with Tesla and they announced they should have a "solution" that will allow tesla to operate openly and integrated in the portuguese network by end of 2023... we'll see.
- Continente Charging Network: It's a multinational supermarket chain that installed charging stations underground in their parks. You can only charge at them using a customer card and they have special prices and discounts when you buy a certain amount of products at their store while you charge. They found somekind of loophole because they don't appear to be connected to the Mobi.e network. I haven't investigated that much into this but I'm certain that their status will have to be clarified soon because they aren't following countrywide rules at the moment.
I hope this will help someone.
Good luck
I'm posting this in hope it will help some fellow portuguese EV newbie to save some time investigating and obviously also for any foreigners that wish to come over to Portugal for some holidays or even just a roadtrip in their Taycans so hopefully they don't end up stranded)
Glossary:
CEME = Comercializadores de Eletricidade para a Mobilidade Elétrica (ruffly translated into comercial entity that sells electricity for electric mobility)
IEC = Imposto Especial sobre Consumo (Special Tax over Consumption, whatever that is)
IVA = Same as VAT (Value Added Tax)
OPC = Operador Posto de Carregamento (in simple words, the company that installed and maintains a specific charging station)
PCN = Posto Carregamento Normal (Slow charging station <= 22kW (AC))
PCR = Posto carregamento Rápido (Fast charging stations > 22kW (DC))
TAR = Taxa de Acesso à Rede (The Mobi.e fee to access the network)
UVE = Utilizador de Veículo Elétrico (Eletric Vehicle User... basically us)
Chapter 1: The Portuguese Charging Network
Contrary to most (all?) european countries, Portugal has unified its charging network under a single entity called "Mobi.E", created in 2015 and which started operation in 2020. What does this mean? I'll spare you all the legal details and clauses but basically, in simple words: Any PCN/R that is publicly acessible (this includes PCN/Rs on private grounds. More on this later), must be connected to this network. Being connected to the network, means that any PCN/R must accept any CEME card.
The idea behind this, which, until today, is still rather polemic and under debate, was to avoid that any OPC could force its users to use its own charging card with its own prices, creating a monopoly. This way, OPC are forced to compete among themselves as they don't control the energy price. On the other hand, the CEMEs compete between themselves too as they don't control the OPC prices. Of course, to add even more confusion, a company can register itself as both CEME and OPC but still, as both OPCs and CEMEs are forbidden to discriminate prices based on each other, in theory, the system should provide a fair playground (Many argue it doesn't and that the Mobi.e overhead is just a way of charging extra. I'll refrain of taking sides here).
Chapter 2: How much does it cost to charge in Portugal
Don't laugh. Nobody really knows (at the time of charge, at least). You can get an idea but you'll only know for certain at the end of the month. Wait... at the end of month?!?
Yes. With the exception of 2 or 3 CEME that allow you to pay directly through a credit card (or prepay/top up your account before actually charging), the rest works with monthly contracts. This means that you can charge the whole month and only get billed by end of month from each CEME you used (more on this later). Usually it works with direct debit so they just get the money from your bank. To avoid surprises, the CEME usually gives you a plafond of €300/month before they compulsively bill you. This means that if you intend to rip off a CEME, you won't be able to rip them off over that amount and you probably still end in debts and court if you don't pay.
So why is it so complicated to know how much you're paying at a charging station? Well. First of, remember CEMEs compete between each other so the price per kW will vary not only among CEME but also throughout the day/night. At any given time, one CEME will be cheaper then the next. Some have a flat rate, others don't. Since each person (UVE) can have as many contracts as they wish, and since the contract doesn't cost them anything, many UVE (me included) have contracts with 6,7,8 or even 10 CEME at once. The UVE just chooses the cheapest CEME at the moment (or one that works. Sometimes cards/apps fail). On the other hand, OPC don't treat their charging stations as equal. They usually charge per minute but a PCR in a high profile area might be more expensive than one in a more hidden place. To add to the mess, the final price is composed of several parcels like:
CEME: Activation fee + €/kWh + €/min (if applicable)
OPC: Activation fee + €/kWh + €/min (if applicable)
TAR: Connection fee to the Mobi.e network (currently, this fee is negative i.e. Mobi.e pays for you to access the network. Will certainly change in the future)
IEC: Special Tax over Consumption
Then you have to add VAT to the whole thing and you get the final price.
As an example (27th February 2023, 12:23, random 50kW PCR in Southern Portugal):
Your Taycan is at 20% and you intend to charge it up to 85% there:
Estimated time: 1h
Amount to charge: 51.5kWh
Price using CEME "Miio": €16.70
Price using CEME "ViaVerde": €11.57
Price using CEME "EVIO": €14.00
If we analyse, for example, the "ViaVerde" option, we get:
CEME: activation fee = €0.706 + €0.1616/kWh
OPC: €0.08/minute
TAR: -€3.97
IEC: €0.05
IVA: €2.16
Messy huh? Yes, it is. It's humanly impossible to do all that math while you're trying to decide which app or card you should swipe at any given time. This is the user's major gripe with this system.
There's however, a trick. Miio is a portuguese startup company that made a terrific app that does all the math for you. Not only for their own prices but of all competitors too! So with a couple of taps, you can know, at any given time, which CEME in combination with the present OPC is the cheapest. It also gives you transparently prices for all CEME plans you select. I STRONGLY recommend you to download and install the Miio app the moment you step foot in this country. You don't have to use their services (albeit they support credit card charging so a godsend to foreigners) but they allow you to know what CEME to use to charge up at any given moment in time.
Chapter 3: I'm a foreigner. I don't care about your mess. I just want to charge in Portugal when I'm on a road trip.
Fair enough. All you need is a CEME that accepts credit cards instead of contracts. At this moment, only Miio or EVIO support "pay as you go" without making a contract. They're might not be the cheapest choice but they work and when you're on holidays, that's what matters: To be able to charge and move on. The portuguese system is at advantage here because once you have either app installed, you can charge at ANY Mobi.e connected charging station regardless of brand/OPC. They all should work.
Chapter 4: IONITY Network and Porsche card in Portugal
Now this is also funny. Porsche isn't registered as CEME here. This means they can't sell electricity nor the service. This also means they can't charge you if you go to a dealership and use one of their 350kW charging stations. Cool eh?
However, one wonders why they don't register as a CEME and/or OPC... after all, they're losing money right? Well, remember chapter 1? "Any PCN/R that is publicly acessible (this includes PCN/Rs on private grounds)"? You got it... The moment Porsche registers as a CEME and/or OPC, they have to comply with Mobi.e rules which include a) open to anyone who wishes to charge (imagine a queue of Honda-E, Nissan Leaf and Renault Zoe inside Porsche's Dealership premises), b) their chargers must allow any CEME (so who get's the biggest cut is the selected CEME, not them) and c) they have to be open for 24/7. All in all, I suspect Porsche has been evaluating the pros and cons of registering and for now, the cons are bigger than the pros.
So what about those 3 years of reduced prices on IONITY stations in Portugal? Porsche solved it by making a deal with a CEME/OPC. "Iberdrola" is a spanish multinational OPC/CEME and they provide a Porsche/Iberdrola card for Taycan owners. Their tariffs are rather expensive so I wouldn't recommend using the card on any charging station except IONITY where you'll be only charged by kWh and not per minute while using the card.
Chapter 5: Curiosities
This chapter is rather about the odd curiosities you can only find here in Portugal. There are two currently:
- Tesla Charging Network: They appeared way before Mobi.e was a thing. The moment Mobi.e became active in 2020, the Tesla Charging Network became "illegal" because it doesn't follow Mobi.e rules. That's also the reason that Tesla, contrary to what happens in other european countries, can't or won't open its network to other car manufacturers here. They would need to also open hand on the CEME meaning that any card would have to work on Tesla's superchargers and as an OPC, they can't discriminate between someone using a Tesla card and another using a "Bluecharge" Card, for example. Apparently the portuguese government is in negotiations with Tesla and they announced they should have a "solution" that will allow tesla to operate openly and integrated in the portuguese network by end of 2023... we'll see.
- Continente Charging Network: It's a multinational supermarket chain that installed charging stations underground in their parks. You can only charge at them using a customer card and they have special prices and discounts when you buy a certain amount of products at their store while you charge. They found somekind of loophole because they don't appear to be connected to the Mobi.e network. I haven't investigated that much into this but I'm certain that their status will have to be clarified soon because they aren't following countrywide rules at the moment.
I hope this will help someone.
Good luck
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